Thursday, October 25, 2007

Chapter 14 - From the Pilgrims to Today

From the Pilgrims to Today
Our Family Tree

In a recent conversation with an acquaintance on the subject of our ancestors, I casually mentioned that I was a direct descendent of five of the passengers on the Mayflower. My friend after hearing my ancestral claim paused for a moment and then continued telling me about her own ancestors, ignoring my comment about my Mayflower connections. Either she thought that I was just bragging or she simply did not believe me. In either case, she did not want to hear more on that particular subject. I suppose that it may come across as snobbery when one claims to be a direct descendent of a Mayflower passenger.
The truth is that millions of living Americans and Canadians today are direct descendents of Mayflower passengers although the vast majority of us are ignorant of this fact.

It is also interesting just how many famous Americans both living and dead can claim to be descendents of Mayflower passengers. For example, one of the most famous Mayflower passengers was my great (x10) grandfather, Governor William Bradford, pictured above. His descendents include besides our family, such notables as Noah Webster, actor Clint Eastwood, George Eastman, one of the founders of Eastman-Kodak, George McClellen, Commander of Union forces during the Civil War, and Hugh Hefner. Richard Warren, also one of the Mayflower passengers and my great (x10) grandfather [his granddaughter married one of William Bradford’s grandsons] has as famous descendents General and President Ulysses S. Grant, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Alan Shepard, fifth man to walk on the moon, actor Richard Gere, Walt Disney, Katherine Hepburn, John Wayne, and many others. Finally, Isaac Allerton and his wife Mary, also my great (x10) grandparents sailed on the Mayflower with their daughter, Mary, my great (x9) grandmother and have as descendents many famous people including President Zackary Taylor, actor Jimmy Stewart, and former First Lady, “Lady Bird” Johnson. We are as great grandchildren of these Mayflower passengers in good company with many other famous and not so famous Americans.

Most Americans are familiar with the Mayflower and its landing on Plymouth Rock in 1620. They are less familiar with the ships that followed shortly after the Mayflower including the ship “Fortune” that arrived in 1621, and the ships “Anne” and the “Little James” that arrived in 1623. On board the Mayflower were five of our direct ancestors: William Bradford, Richard Warren, Isaac Allerton, his wife Mary (Norris) Allerton, and their daughter, Mary Allerton. On board the Fortune in 1621 were two more of our ancestors, Robert Cushman and his son, Thomas Cushman. On board the Anne or the Little James were eleven more of our direct ancestors: Robert Bartlett, John Faunce, George Morton with his wife Juliana and their five children including our direct ancestor, their daughter, Patience Morton who later married John Faunce, Alice Carpenter (later to marry William Bradford), Elizabeth Warren, wife of Richard Warren who sailed on the Mayflower, and their five daughters including our direct ancestor Mary Warren, and finally Frances Sprague and his two daughters Anna and our direct ancestor, Mercy. The Sprague family members were the only passengers on the first four ships to Plymouth who were direct ancestors on my father’s side of the family. Also arriving on the Mayflower was one George Soule, whom I believe is one of my great (x10) grand uncles on my father’s side. In total on these first four ships to Plymouth arriving between 1620 and 1623 there were at least twenty-nine of my known relatives on board including great grandparents, great grand aunts and great grand uncles.

The purpose of this chapter in our family’s history is neither to write extensive biographies on our Mayflower ancestors nor to write a history of the Plymouth Colony. There is no shortage of information in books and on the web on the lives and the history of the early Pilgrims therefore to duplicate those efforts would be pointless. I have chosen rather to focus on our family tree and our descendents including brief details only of the individuals and their accomplishments, their families, and where and when they lived. This family history begins with William Bradford. To help in understanding our family’s history, the following family tree has been included.

William Bradford m. Alice Carpenter
(1589 – 1657) (1590 – 1670)

William Bradford (Jr) m. Alice Richards
(1624 – 1703) (1627 – 167

John Bradford m. Mercy Warren
(1653 – 1736) (1653 – 1746)

Mercy Bradford m. Isaac Cushman
(1681 – 1738) (1676 – 1727)

Priscilla Cushman m. Israel Holmes
(1719 - ?) (1720 - ?)

Priscilla Holmes m. Ephraim Buell
(1745 – ?) (1742 – 1820)

Elizabeth Buell m. Silas Hutchinson
(1774 – 1825) (1758 – 1836)

Mosley Hutchinson m. Elizabeth Boardman Hall
(1795 – 1861) (1801 – 1877)

Mary Hutchinson m. David Ferree
(1825 – 1901) (1826 - ?)

Eugene Ferree m. Marian Coapman
(1866 – 1952) (1867 – 1895)

Florence Ferree m. Douglas Patterson
(1891 – 1938) (1888 – 1979)

Marian Patterson m. Charles Baker
(1916 – 1973) (1916 – 2000)

Charles Baker Jr m. Kathleen Mahar
(very much alive in 2007)


Generation 1: William Bradford and his wife Alice Carpenter
The most notable of the original Pilgrim Fathers was probably William Bradford for a number of reasons. He was one of the original 125 English separatists, later known as the Pilgrims, who in 1608 sought religious sanctuary in Holland. He assumed the major responsibility and the leadership role for arranging the details of their emigration to America on the ship “Mayflower.” In April of 1621 after the death of Plymouth Colony’s first governor, William Bradford was unanimously elected to replace him as governor and he was annually reelected 30 times. However, it was Bradford’s “History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 published in 1856 long after his death for which he earned his place in history. It was from this minor classic and from the hundreds of his other surviving documents that we have been able to learn the details of the early years of Plymouth Colony and its inhabitants. Without this knowledge gained from the writings of William Bradford a huge portion of our American heritage would be missing. It was in Bradford’s writings that the term “Pilgrims” was first used to describe their small group and it was from Bradford’s description of their feast with the native American Indians in 1622 that we drew our tradition of celebrating a “Thanksgiving” dinner each year.

Bradford was born in Yorkshire, England in 1590. In 1613 in Holland he married Dorothy May and together they bore a son John in 1615. In 1620, William and Dorothy without their only son, departed on the Mayflower for their voyage to America. Unfortunately, shortly after their arrival in America, Dorothy fell overboard and was drowned. William married our great (x10) grandmother, Alice Carpenter, in 1623 shortly after her arrival to Plymouth on the ship “Anne.” Together they had three children including their first borne child our great (x9) grandfather, William Bradford Jr. who was born in Plymouth in June of the year 1624. William Bradford died at the age of 67 in the year 1657 and he is buried in Burial Hill in Plymouth. Alice died in 1670 at the age of 79. He was a great leader in very hard times and I am glad to call him my relative.

Generation 2: William Bradford Jr and his wife Alice Richards:
William Bradford Jr. married our great (x9) grandmother Alice Richards in 1650. Alice in the year 1633 at the age of six emigrated with her parents to America. She was twenty-two when she married William and together they had ten children. She died in 1671, the same year as the birth of her tenth child. William married twice more and fathered another five children before he died at the age of 79 in the year 1704. He was no doubt exhausted from raising 15 children but there is no evidence that it contributed to his passing. Just kidding. His youngest child was born when he was 61. William and Alice’s first born child was John Bradford, our great (x8) grandfather who was born in 1652.

William Bradford Jr. is most noted in history as the commander in chief of the Plymouth military forces during the King Philip’s War fought between the Indian inhabitants of southern New England and the English colonists and their Indian allies. The war lasted from 1675 to 1676. “King Philip” is the Anglo name given by the English to the main leader on the Indian side. This war while not well known by most Americans was one of the bloodiest and costly wars in the history of America. Overall of those engaged in this short war nearly one in twenty persons among Indians and English were wounded or killed. The bloodiest battle of the war was fought at an Indian fort in the middle of a frozen swamp in a bitter cold December in 1675 near South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The battle has been named the Great Swamp Fight. It is estimated that during this battle the English suffered a 20 percent casualty rate which was double the casualty rate of American soldiers at D-Day. It was here that our great grandfather William Bradford Jr. received a horrible musket ball wound to his head at his eye. While fortunately he was not killed, he did carry the musket ball and a large scar on his face for the rest of his life. William held the military rank of Major and in 1687 he was named Deputy Governor of the colony. Also in 1687 he moved to Kingston, MA, a community located on Plymouth Bay just north of Plymouth. William Jr. is buried near his father in Burial Hill, Plymouth.

Generation 3: John Bradford and his wife Mercy Warren and her family:
John Bradford and Mercy Warren, both 21, married on January 6, 1674 and shortly after their wedding the construction of their new home was completed in Kingston, Massachusetts. Fortunately for preservationists the Bradford home is still standing today (albeit expanded from its original size) and is currently in use as a museum as well as the home of The Jones River Village Historical Society. For our family, one of the most notable things that John did was to marry Mercy Warren, granddaughter of Richard Warren, another of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower. Great (x10) grandfather Warren’s wife and our great (x10) grandmother, Elizabeth Walker Warren and their five daughters (our great aunts) arrived on the third ship, the “Anne,” to Plymouth Colony in 1623. Unfortunately, from a family history standpoint, Richard Warren is one of the least documented of the original Mayflower passengers. It is known that he was not one of the Separatists (”Pilgrims”) emigrating from Holland. He is believed to be a London merchant who boarded the Mayflower in London. Warren no doubt believed that opportunities for an improved life for his family were greater in America than they were in overpopulated, crime infested, and disease ridden London in the early 1600s. The hardships in America were too much for Richard Warren however, for he died in 1628 less than eight years after his arrival in the New World. Richard and Elizabeth had two additional children born in Plymouth including our great (x9) grandfather, Joseph Warren, their last child who was born in 1627. It must be mentioned in our family’s history story that Elizabeth Warren was a remarkable woman. After a three year separation from her husband, she traveled unescorted with her five young daughters in a small ship across the great Atlanta Ocean never knowing whether she would find her husband alive upon their arrival. After Richard’s death only five years later in 1628, she never remarried and by herself she raised her seven children. This is remarkable considering the patriarchal conventions of the 17th century. Unlike the majority of Plymouth Colony women, Elizabeth Warren’s name appears regularly in the Colony records during the long period of her widowhood. She died in 1673 at the age of 90. The final Colonial record of her death was the well-earned tribute of a eulogy: “Mistress Elizabeth Warren, an aged widow, aged above 90 years, deceased on the second of October, 1673. Who, having lived a godly life, came to her grave as a shock of corn fully ripe.”

Mercy Warren’s family tree is as follows:

Richard Warren m. Elizabeth Walker
(1580-1628) (1583-1673)

Joseph Warren m. Priscilla Faunce
(1627-1689) (1634-1691)

Mercy Warren m. John Bradford
(1653-1746) (1652-1736)

Almost everything that I have read about John Bradford, which is not much, refers to him as Major John Bradford. Since he was in his early twenties at the time of King Philip’s War and his father was the commander of the Plymouth forces, I assume he participated in the war although I did not find any confirmation in that regard. The first child of John and Mercy was born in December 1675 about the same time that the child’s grandfather was seriously wounded fighting in the Great Swamp Fight. Hopefully, the newborn’s father was at home for the birth and not off fighting Indians.

In total, John and Mercy were to have seven children born between the years 1675 and 1688. John was later to serve as the first deputy from Plymouth to the General Court, in 1687; deputy to the General Court 1689-91, Selectman in 1708, and Representative to the General Assembly at Boston in 1719. Historians note that John inherited from his grandfather, William Bradford, the original and only manuscript of Bradford’s The History of Plymouth Plantation. He foolishly loaned the manuscript to a friend who never returned it and it was lost for many years. It was eventually located in England of all places in the mid-1800s and as we previously mentioned was published. John and Mercy’s fourth child, Mercy Bradford, our great (x7) grandmother, was born in 1681. John Bradford died in 1736. Mercy Warren Bradford, his wife, died in 1747. They are buried together in the Old Burying Ground, at First Church, in Kingston, Massachusetts.

Generation 4: Mercy Bradford and her Husband Isaac Cushman
Mercy Bradford had four children with her first husband before he died in 1714. Mercy was 33 when her husband died. Three years later she married our great (x7) grandfather, Isaac Cushman, who had lost his first wife after she had given birth to eight children. Isaac and Mercy together had an additional four children including our great (x6) grandmother Priscilla Cushman who was born in Plympton in 1719. Isaac Cushman is important in our family’s history as three of his ancestors arrived on the Mayflower, including his grandmother, Mary Allerton, who was only four years old when the Mayflower landed, and her parents, Isaac Allerton and Mary Norris Allerton. I am including the following family tree to help in understanding Isaac’s family tree.

Isaac Allerton m. Mary Norris
(1586-1658)

Mary Allerton m. Thomas Cushman
1616-1699) (1608-1691)

Isaac Cushman m Rebecca Harlow
(1648-1732) (1655- )

Isaac Cushman m Mercy Bradford
(1676-1727) (1681-1738)

It is obvious that there are millions of living Americans today that can claim ancestors on the Mayflower. However, that number is significantly reduced when you calculate, if that were possible, how many living Americans are directly descended from five of the Mayflower passengers. We fall in that group. Our Mayflower ancestors include William Bradford, Richard Warren, Isaac Allerton, his wife Mary Allerton, and there daughter, Mary Allerton. We can also claim as relatives on the Mayflower, two additional great aunts on my mother’s side and one great uncle on my father’s side. Also it is likely that John Allerton, another Mayflower passenger, was a relative of Isaac therefore one of our great grand uncles. Now that is some family tree.

Isaac Allerton and his wife Mary Norris were married in Leiden, Holland in 1611. Isaac had been a long-time member of the Pilgrim’s church in Leiden and it was recorded that he had been a tailor in London prior to moving to Holland. When the family embarked on the Mayflower for the trip to America, their children, Bartholomew, Remember, and Mary, our great (x9) grandmother, were ages 8, 6, and 4 respectively. Furthermore, Isaac’s wife, Mary was pregnant with their fourth child. As everyone knows, the Pilgrims encountered terrible winter conditions at Plymouth before their first shelters were constructed. While still on board the Mayflower in December of 1620, Mary lost her baby, a still born son, and then in February 1621 she lost her own life.

While it is easy to feel sympathy at this point for Isaac and for his young family, Isaac’s behavior in the Plymouth Colony in later years erases any empathy we may have felt for him in 1621. Isaac Allerton was one of the most active and prominent members of early Plymouth and he was elected as Governor Bradford’s assistant in 1621 and continued in that role until the 1630s. In 1627 he was sent to England to negotiate with the colony’s investors. While there and during several subsequent trips to England paid for by the Colony, he engaged in a number of trading schemes to make private gains by purchasing goods in England and them reselling them at a profit in the Massachusetts Bay colonies. These actions were an obvious conflict of interest and when his trading schemes ultimately failed and he was discovered he was asked to leave Plymouth. This took place in the late 1630s. We hold our head in shame, for Isaac was not an honorable and trustworthy man in times of great need.

Isaac’s daughter, Mary Allerton, married Thomas Cushman, our great (x9) grandfather, in 1636. Thomas was born in Canterbury, England in 1608. Thomas moved with his father, Robert Cushman, to Holland with the other Leiden Pilgrims and there Thomas’ father, Robert became the agent for the Pilgrims and very instrumental in making the arrangements for their passage to America. Robert with his young son were originally scheduled to make the initial crossing in 1620, however one of the ships that was to cross with the Mayflower was found not to be seaworthy, and because of space limitations on the Mayflower Robert and Thomas elected to stay behind. In 1621, less than a year after the landing of the Mayflower, the Cushman’s disembarked from the ship “Fortune” onto the shores of America at Plymouth. After meetings with William Bradford and the other administrators of the colony, it was decided that because of the urgent needs of the colony, Robert needed return to England as soon as possible to continue his negotiations with the “Investors” to arrange for additional supplies to be sent to the Colony. He left the Plymouth shortly thereafter when the ship Fortune departed for its return trip to England. Robert left his son Thomas in the care of William Bradford until his return to the colony. Unfortunately, Robert died in London in 1625, supposedly as a victim of the bubonic plague, leaving William Bradford to raise young Thomas who was 13 when his father returned to England.

Thomas was 29 when he married 20 year old Mary Allerton. Together they raised eight children including their fourth child, Isaac Cushman, our great (8) grandfather, who was born in 1648. Thomas was very active in Plymouth Colony serving for several years as assistant to the governor as well as making five trips to London in the interest of the colony. In 1649 he was appointed Elder of the Church, a position he held for 42 years until his death in 1691. Mary outlived her husband by eight years dying in the year 1699. Just before her death, Mary was the oldest surviving person of the original Mayflower passengers. Mary and Thomas Cushman are buried together in the Old Burial Hill Cemetery in Plymouth.

Isaac Cushman and his wife Mercy were members of the church in Plympton of which his father Thomas was the pastor. Isaac was for many years a lieutenant in the town militia. He served frequently as one of the town’s selectmen and assessors, he held the office of Town Clerk for more than 16 years, and it is recorded that he was a “distinguished land surveyor.” Isaac died at age 51 in the year 1727. Mercy died at the age of 57 in 1738. They are both buried at the Plympton Burying Ground Cemetery. Plympton was a small farming community founded in the 1650s located west of Plymouth Colony.

Generation 5: Priscilla Cushman and her husband Israel Holmes:
Without question I spent more time researching our great (x6) grandparents, Israel Holmes and Priscilla Cushman, than any of the other descendents of our Mayflower ancestors. This was not due to any special interest in this couple but merely because there was very little information about them in the historical records and every little bit of information I gathered encouraged me to dig deeper. It is not even clear as to the exact year of Israel’s birth although most of the records point to the year 1720. Israel’s father is believed to be the Rev. Isaac Holmes of Plympton. There is no established family tree for Isaac Holmes although I believe that his great grandfather was one William Holmes who emigrated from England in 1635. This conclusion is based solely on the dating and the frequent use of the names Israel and Isaac in the families of William’s descendents.

It is worth noting that Israel and Priscilla Holmes are the first of the Mayflower descendents in our family to move away from the Plymouth area. They were married in 1739 in Plympton and their first two children were born in Plympton including our great (x5) grandmother Priscilla Holmes who was born in 1744. Their fourth child however, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1752 as were the remainder of their children. It is not surprising to find the later generations of our family beginning to locate to the west. Most of the families during this period were farmers and with the ever increasing population in the Massachusetts Bay area it is not surprising that the need to find land would drive them west. Litchfield is located on the western side of Connecticut. The community was founded in the 1720s. As previously stated, there is not a lot of historical information on Israel Holmes. One source lists his occupation as a Cordwainer, a maker of shoes and other soft leather goods. While this is possibly correct, it also seems unlikely. We know that his first two daughters married in Litchfield in 1760 and 1764 and sometime, probably in the late 1760s the two daughters and their husbands moved to Castleton, Vermont located near the Hudson River in the southwestern corner of Vermont. It appears that Isaac Cushman relocated with his family at this time although there is no real evidence to support this belief other than we know he was buried in the Elmwood Cemetery in Burlington, Vermont in 1808. I could find nothing more about Priscilla Holmes including the date of her death. I suspect that she died before 1760, possibly at the birth of her last child, and she maybe buried in Litchfield. At least one of Isaac’s son-in-laws fought with the Vermont militia during the American Revolution and it is entirely possible that Isaac only in his mid-40s during the War, may have participated in the war as well.

Generation 6: Priscilla Holmes and her husband Ephraim Buell:
In 1764 in Litchfield, Connecticut, Priscilla Holmes married Ephraim Buell. Four years earlier Priscilla’s sister Sarah married Samuel Buell, Ephraim’s older brother. The two couples and perhaps others in the family moved to Castleton, Vermont sometime during the late 1760s. There is some confusion in the records as to whether the family actually lived in Castleton, Vermont or Fort Edward, New York since most of their children are listed in most historical documents as having been born in Fort Edward. In “The Buell Family in England and America” an extensive genealogy of the Buell Family written in 1881, it lists all of the children of both Samuel and Ephraim born between the years 1763 and 1783 as having been born in Fort Edward. In any case, MapQuest tells us that by highway Castleton is only 36 miles west of Fort Edward. The fact that Ephraim Buell was a Captain in the Vermont militia during the American Revolution would lead us to believe that his home at least at some point, was actually in what is now the State of Vermont. Vermont of course was not in existence on paper anyway, prior to the Revolution and the fact that Ephraim actually lived in what is now part of New York State would not have precluded him from commanding a militia based in Castleton, Vermont. Furthermore, he was a member of Vermont’s “Green Mountain Boys” under the command of Brigadier General Ethan Allen during the Revolutionary War. Ethan Allen was a resident of Litchfield, Connecticut prior to the war and may have been acquainted with Ephraim or at least the Buell family. Castleton played an eventful part in the American Revolution in that in May of 1775, Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold planned their attack on Fort Ticonderoga in Castleton. Fort Ticonderoga was only 30 miles to the west or just to the north of Fort Edward. Ephraim Buell is referenced in “Wikipedia” as being part of a committee to consider the “advisability of taking Fort Ticonderoga.” According to the few Revolutionary War payroll records I reviewed, Ephraim served in the Vermont militia from at least 1775 until 1780. The role of Ephraim’s regiment was listed in one source as “scouting for security of the frontiers.” It is worth noted that one source listed an Ephraim Buell as a Connecticut soldier in 1761 during the French and Indian Wars.

In total Ephraim and Priscilla bore nine children including our great (x4) grandmother, Elizabeth “Betsy” Buell who was born in Fort Edward in the year 1774. Fort Edward incidentally, was a British fort during the French and Indian Wars, however after 1766 the fort was abandoned and was pretty much in ruins during the American Revolution and played no role in the War. After the British left the fort the area was quickly inhabited by American settlers including the Buell family. Sometime after the War probably in the mid-1780s the family moved again this time to the recently opened up settlement areas in New York’s Finger Lakes region. The Buells settled near the present day city of Ithaca. Their last two children were born at their new home. It was interesting to discover that the travels of Ephraim and Priscilla Buell did not end in Ithaca for some time in the early 1800s they moved again, this time to Ohio. They are recorded as having died only a day apart in January of 1820 in Hamilton County, Ohio. There is no explanation in the records as to why the Buells then in their late 70s were living in the wildernesses of western Ohio. But then, maybe no explanation is necessary. They were just of strong stock our family ancestors.

Generation 7: Elizabeth “Betsy” Buell and her husband Silas Hutchinson
Silas Hutchinson, our great (x4) grandfather, was born in Tolland County, Connecticut in 1758 the son of Eleazer Hutchinson and Ruth Long. Silas’s father was a Captain in the Connecticut militia during the American Revolution and his older brother by one year was a drummer in his father’s company. There is no record that Silas was a soldier in the War although he was of an age, 18 in 1776, when his enlistment would not have been unusual. By 1788 we find that Silas had moved to Ithaca, New York and in the local historical records he is reported as being one of the original settlers in the area. In June of 1790, Silas married Betsy Buell and between the years 1792 and 1810 that had at least seven children including our great (x3) grandfather, Mosely Hutchinson who was born in 1795. It is interesting to note that when Silas and Betsy were married in 1790 he was 32 years old and she was only 16. This is quite an age difference even in the 1700s although I doubt that Silas had a lot of women to chose from in 1790, and Betsy probably saw her prospective husband as a prosperous landowner, a respected doctor, and a good choice as a husband. Who knows; he might even have been good looking. There is not a lot of information we could find on Silas Hutchinson, we even checked the Tompkins County history books in the Ithaca Public Library, although we did learn that he served as Justice of the Peace for a few of years, and was credited with being one of the earliest doctors in this wilderness community. Silas and Betsy were to have 12 children together including their tenth born child, our great (x3) grandfather, Mosley Hutchinson. Despite their age difference, Mosely outlived his wife by eleven years. Betsy died in 1825 at the young age of 41. We are still searching for the site of her grave. Silas died in 1836 and he is buried in a small cemetery near Besemer Hamlet in Tompkins County. His headstone is missing and according to the cemetery records “someone in Slaterville is using this headstone for a back step.” If only I could get my hands on that person. . . . .

Generation 8: Mosely Hutchinson and his wife Elizabeth Boardman Hall
“One fine day Miss Elizabeth Boardman Hall was out on the Academy’s lawn, watching something on the lake, when John Davis, a prospector from Pennsylvania, passed the school in his search to buy up new land. He saw Miss Hall there on the lawn of the Academy, fell in love with her at first sight, and later married her. He bought two tracks of land (four hundred acres) from Colonel John Harris, south of the village on the lake front and erected a house . . . “ This passage was written in the “History of Cayuga” and the time period discussed was the year 1817. Miss Hall was only seventeen years old at the time. John Davis who was smitten by the beauty of Miss Hall, our great (x3) grandmother, married her in 1818 and unfortunately for Mr. Davis but fortunately for our family, John Davis fell off the Cayuga Lake bridge in 1819 and drowned. Miss Hall was a widow before the age of twenty and the owner of 200 acres of land on the banks of Cayuga Lake in the Village of Cayuga at the northeast corner of Cayuga Lake. Sounds like a good choice for a wife.

Mosely Hutchinson, son of an Ithaca doctor and our great (x3) grandfather, met the young widow and married her in October of 1822. Together they expanded the small house that John Davis had started in 1816, eventually building a much large home which historians refer to as the “Hutchinson Homestead”. Today there is an historical marker on the site identifying the former location of the “Hutchinson Homestead” noting that the original house built by Mosely and Elizabeth had burned in 1910. The Hutchinsons were primarily farmers which was the typical occupation of landowners in the 1800s although Mosely Hutchinson was also an attorney, served as an Associate Judge, and for a period was elected to the State Assembly.

Elizabeth and Mosely were to have at least six children that we are aware of including their third born child and our great (2) grandmother, Mary Rebecca Hutchinson who was born in their home in Cayuga in the year 1825. Mosely died at the age of 66 in the year 1861. Elizabeth ran the homestead for another 16 years finally passing away at the age of 76 in the year 1877. They are both buried in the Lakeview Cemetery near their home in the Village of Cayuga surrounded by many of the children and their grandchildren including my great grandfather, Eugene Ferree, who died when I was ten years old.

Generation 8: Mary Rebecca Hutchinson and her husband David Dewees Ferree
Oddly, since it is relatively recent in our family’s history, we know very little about David Dewees Ferree, my great (x2) grandfather. We know his family’s history, we know he was born in 1825 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and we know what he looked like since a photograph has been passed down, but that is about all that we know. His wife is buried in Lakeview Cemetery near her parents and on her gravestone it is inscribed that she was the wife of David Dewees Ferree, who was born in 1625. No death date is legible. There is no separate gravestone for David nor any other indications that he was buried in Cayuga. I assume that David met his wife in Cayuga since it is more likely that he traveled to New York rather than Mary Rebecca having traveled to Pennsylvania. They probably meet after 1850 since Mary Rebecca was still living with her parents at home according to the 1850 US Census. We can also assume that they married sometime before the birth of their first child in 1860. Mary Rebecca and David were both around 35 when their first son was born and around 40 years old at the birth of my great grandfather, Eugene Hutchinson Ferree in 1866. Family tradition has it that great grandfather Ferree was born in Lancaster, PA. In the 1880 US Census, Mary Rebecca and her children were back living at the Hutchinson Homestead. David was not on the Census list and therefore we might conclude that he died sometime between 1867 and 1880 at which time Mary Rebecca and her children moved back to her family home. My great, great grandmother, Mary Rebecca died on March 11, 1901. My great grandfather Eugene Ferree, whose story is covered in another Family History Chapter, was 35 when his mother died. It was a sad time for Eugene as he had lost his own wife only six years earlier and was left alone without a mother or a wife to help him raise his three young children.

It is unlikely that great grandfather Ferree was aware that he was a direct descendent of five of the Mayflower passengers. In the past, it was very difficult to do extensive genealogy work. What information that was available in written records in libraries, museums and other public buildings was scattered all over the country. The internet however has changed all of this and made it possible for amateur genealogists to stay at home and search websites containing millions of pieces of historical data about people, places, and things. These search sites also allow genealogists to share information about their own family trees with others. This family history chapter could not have been written without the help of internet at least not by yours truly. There is only one question remaining to be answered. Did I inherit my propensity to be slightly overweight from the Pilgrims? After all, it is all in the genes.

Friday, July 6, 2007

Chapter 13 - The Sayre Family

In the spring of 2007 I knew very little about my ancestor Henry Sayre other than he was my great-great-great-great grandfather and his daughter, Mary Sayre, had married Asbury Harpending in Dundee, New York. Asbury and Mary are my great (x3) grandparents on my father’s side of our family. I knew roughly the date of Henry’s death and that was all. My goal was to try and find where he was buried so that hopefully I would learn his birth and death dates and with that information perhaps learn more about our common ancestors. To begin the search I assumed that he was probably buried somewhere in the Town of Starkey in Yates County, New York since his daughter was married in this area. In the early 1800s young women and men did not look far from their home for spouses. Fortunately, Yates County has an excellent website that lists all of the cemeteries in the county and many of the names and dates on the gravestones. It was an easy search and I quickly found Henry’s name listed as buried in the Harpending Cemetery in Dundee. I have been to this cemetery many times over the past several years since five generations of my family are buried there including Henry’s daughter Mary and her husband. Despite many visits, I had never seen a gravestone in this cemetery with the name “Henry Sayre”. Kathy and I immediately drove to the cemetery and after a fifteen minute search we found a broken, almost illegible stone marked “Henry Sayre, born July 10, 1788, died October 23, 1860”. We had found him. Armed with these dates we returned home and entered this new information about Henry Sayre into our family tree on Ancestry.com. Their extensive database immediately recognized our Henry and opened up information on a whole new branch of our family tree. Here is our story of The Sayre Family.

It is believed that the earliest Sayre ancestors originated in Gaul (old France) and their descendents eventually migrated to Normandy (northern France) and then into England by the 1200s. Genealogists have found a Thomas Sayre who was born around 1474 and lived in the Town of Podington in the small County of Bedfordshire in southeastern England about 40 miles northwest of the City of London. He is the first of the known Sayres. Three more generations of Sayers following Thomas have been discovered each having lived in Bedfordshire before Thomas’ great, great grandson also named Thomas Sayre was born in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England on Wednesday, July 20, 1597. The younger Thomas’ father, Francis Sayre (1565-1645), his grandfather, William Sayre (1535-1580), and his great grandfather, William Sayre (1514-1564), and of course his namesake, his great, great grandfather, Thomas all had lived within a few miles of one another in the small rural County of Bedfordshire. There is no record of the occupations of Thomas’ forebearers. There is a family tradition however, that Thomas (1597-1671) was employed by the English mint as an assessor. This is significant if true, because it means that Thomas was not a poor immigrant or an indentured servant when he departed for America as were many of the early immigrants to the Virginia Colony starting in 1607, to the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and to New Holland in 1624. Thomas married Margaret Aldrich in Leighton Buzzard in 1625 and together they bore four children in England before they emigrated to America in 1637.

For the most part, the early English attempts to colonize America were poorly planned, poorly financed, and poorly executed. The first major attempt at settlement organized by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584 was doomed from the start. First in order to convince people to participate in the new settlement he exaggerated the quality of the climate, downplayed the risks, and talked up the gold and silver that was to be found. Then after convincing 114 mostly men to participate in the new colony, they were dropped off in the wilderness of Roanoke, Virginia without the adequate skills and supplies to survive, and then left without support for five years. When a ship finally returned to Roanoke in 1590, no one could be found. It is no wonder that this first English colonization attempt is referred to by historians as the “Lost Colony of Roanoke.”

The second major attempt at colonization at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 almost ended with the same fate as the Lost Colony. The Jamestown colony was set up initially by London merchants as a joint-stock company. It was structured as one would a business. They send their employees to the new world at the company’s expense and the employees in return for their free passage would send back the gold they found and whatever other resources they could harvest from the land. The investors also fully expected that a route to the riches of the Far East would be discovered that would make them all wealthy. The “employees” were almost entirely unskilled young men who had agreed to hire on as seven year indentured servants. Their lack of experience, the winter conditions, the lack of supplies, the Indians, the insects, wasted efforts looking for gold, not enough women, and disease and starvation almost wiped out this second colony. Fortunately had it not been for the incredibly strong leadership on the part of John Smith and the arrival of new supplies just as they were preparing to call it quits, this second colony would have also failed. It was also fortunate that shortly after their decision not to return to England it was discovered that growing and selling tobacco was an immensely profitable export, and slaves were a lot less expensive to employ than indentured servants. Jamestown is a part of our country’s heritage but it was hardly a pretty beginning.

Unquestionable, the third major attempt to establish an English colony in America, the landing at Plymouth Colony in 1620, was at least in the eyes of American school children, the most romantic of the colonizations, what with the funny clothes, the friendly and sharing Indians, and the first Thanksgiving. The truth is the flaws in the first two attempts were again repeated in this third but ultimately successful attempt to form a colony. Their lack of planning, their lack of financing, and the lack of men with the necessary survivor skills almost doomed our most famous early colony, (and to think I am descended from some of the original Pilgrims.) The Pilgrims were called “Separatists” in their native England because they believed that the English Church was too closely modeled after the Roman Catholic Church and the Church was too closely allied with the English government. They believed that the church and the state should be separate, hence they were called Separatists. This was a rather radical idea at the time although we all know that this radical idea and the influence of the Puritans in America ultimately influenced the framing of our Constitution. It was true that the British government was not tolerant of groups that advocated other forms of worship, and the Separatists fearing for their lives emigrated in secret out of England for a new home in Holland. After living for a dozen years in exile in Holland, the Pilgrims fearing that they were losing their identity (their children were becoming Dutch) made the decision to relocate their group to America. They were unfortunately horribly underfinanced, so they like the Jamestown Colony, formed a joint-stock company with non-Separatists to raise the funds necessary to emigrate. In doing so they agreed that others not in their religious community would travel with them on their trip to the New World. A little know fact is that of the original 104 settlers on the Mayflower, only slightly more than half were “Pilgrims.” Planning was not their strong suit as they departed on the Mayflower in the fall of 1620 and arrived at Plymouth at the onset of an unusually severe New England winter without adequate food and supplies. Furthermore, they were chartered to settle at the mouth of the Hudson River (New York), not in Massachusetts. Plymouth as it turned out was a poor location to form a colony as the Bay of Plymouth was too shallow for large passenger ships and no major inland river entered the bay that would have permitted easy access for the colonists to the interior. With few supplies and almost no food and lack of shelter, only half the Plymouth colonists survived this first winter. Nevertheless with the assistance of the local Indians the diminished colony survived and in the spring they finished building their shelters and planting their crops. In the summer of 1621, the first “Thanksgiving” [not a term used by the Pilgrims] was held and things were looking up. Approximately one week after this famous gathering with the Indians, a second ship of sixty new settlers arrived. They brought with them almost no supplies or food. The colony was not ready to feed another sixty people and they were forced to spend another winter starving and dying. Their religious faith, their willingness to work hard under awful conditions, the strength of their leadership, and the accommodations of the local Indians resulted in the eventual survival of the Colony. The Colony received little help from England and the original investors eventually baled out on the colony. Notwithstanding, the small group survived.

By the year 1629 there were estimated to be no more than 500 English settlers in New England (most of them at the Plymouth Colony) and no more than 2,500 to 3,000 in all of America with the principal concentration of settlers at the Jamestown Colony. In the year 1630 the third major attempt to establish a colony in America began. The founders of this new colony named the Massachusetts Bay Colony who were chartered to occupy the land in the Boston area, were Puritans who like the Pilgrims before them were being persecuted for both their political activities and their religious practices. Unlike the Pilgrims however, who had escaped to Holland in 1607 to avoid being arrested, the Puritans were being encouraged by King Charles I to leave England. No doubt he wanted to get rid of the trouble makers. Furthermore, the Puritans were generally better organized, better educated, and wealthier than the Pilgrims and the early settlers at Jamestown. While they faced similar hardships in their first few years, the flood of new skilled, educated, and wealthier immigrants over the next ten years resulted in a hugely successful new colony. This period of time in American history between 1630 and 1640 is referred to by historians as the period of the “Great Migration”. It is estimated that as many as 20,000 immigrants arrived during this ten year span. After 1640, migration to America and especially New England slowed down to a trickle. There were two main reasons for this slow down. First, King Charles I changed his mind about allowing the mass exodus of Puritans out of England and secondly, King Charles I was subsequently beheaded by the new Puritan government in England under Oliver Cromwell. With the Puritans in control in England the reasons for leaving the country were greatly diminished.

This Great Migration period is very important to individuals studying the genealogy of a family especially to those of us, our family in particular, who can trace ancestors back to pre-revolutionary times in New England. Since immigration slowed down considerably in New England after 1640, most of the population growth was a result of natural reproduction. That means that if you can trace an ancestor back to say 1760 who lived in Connecticut, it is very likely that that individual had an ancestor who had immigrated to American between the years 1630 and 1640. For our family this is particularly significant since we have traced dozens of individuals to this time period, including the Sayre Family who are the subject of this chapter in our family’s history.

The exact year of the arrival of the Sayres in America has not yet been determined. It is believed that the first son of Thomas and Margaret Sayre born in America, Job Sayre (my great (x8) grandfather) was born in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1637. This would establish the latest year of their arrival and it is possible that they arrived as early as 1636. The first mention of Thomas Sayre, my great (x9) grandfather, in the colonial records of Lynn appeared in 1638 wherein the surrounding lands were divided and Thomas and his brother Job were recorded as being granted sixty areas of land each. Lynn was originally founded by settlers from nearby Salem who were looking in the year 1629 for new lands. Lynn was located on the Atlantic coast about eleven miles north of the future City of Boston. The original settlers in Lynn including the Sayre family, and most of the other early settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony were Puritans.

In 1639, Thomas and his family, and his brother and about fifteen other families received a royal grant to form a new colony on Long Island on land the English crown claimed was a part of the charter granted to Connecticut. Thomas and his brother and six others were part of an advance party that was to select the location of their new settlement. They purchased a sloop which they expected to use initially to explore Long Island and then later use to transport their families and their goods to the new settlement. The advance party including Thomas and Job first set up camp near a Dutch settlement not far from the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam on the north shore at the western end of Long Island. Their arrival on land claimed by the Dutch was not well received and many in the original party including Job Sayre were arrested and interviewed and then ordered by the Dutch to “depart forthwith from our territory, and never return to it . . .” They did so immediately and subsequently in June 1640 they selected a new location for their settlement on the eastern end of Long Island which they were to name Southampton. This was to be the first English settlement on Long Island. Thomas Sayre is credited with being one of the founders of Southampton which today is a well known summer colony and resort considered by many as a playground for the rich residents of New York City. It is simply referred to today as the “Hamptons.” Too bad that our Grandpa Thomas did not save us an acre of land on which we could build a simple $5M cottage. In any case, in the early 1640s between thirty and forty families from Lynn, Massachusetts resettled in Southampton.

Thomas Sayre was to remain for the rest of his life until his death in 1670 a prominent citizen of Southampton. In 1648, he built a home in the center of the new village which was to remain in the Sayre family until 1892. In 1912 when the home was finally demolished, it was considered to be the oldest English home on Long Island and possibly the oldest home still standing intact in the United States. The home was occupied by British officers during the American Revolution. The photograph to the left of the text was taken of the Sayre home just prior to its demolition. Thomas’ son, Job Sayre, my great (x8) grandfather was to inherit his father’s home and much of his lands.

Job Sayre, my great (x8) grandfather, was born in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1637. He married Sarah (last name lost in history) in Southampton on June 18, 1670. Together they had six children, four boys and two girls, including his first born son and namesake, Job Jr., born on August 25, 1672. Like his father before him he was to be a prominent citizen in Southampton serving various terms over a period of years as a surveyor, Constable, Commissioner, and Trustee within the community. Prior to his death on April 1, 1694 he donated land to the village of Southampton for use as a thoroughfare in the community. There still exists today in the City of Southampton a street named Job’s Lane located in the heart of the City’s upscale shopping neighborhood. Another fine investment lost to the family.

Job Jr., my great (x7) grandfather, was no doubt born in his grandfather’s and now his father’s home in 1672. At the age of 25 years old in 1697, Job married Susannah Howell age 17, the great granddaughter of Edward Howell. Edward Howell was also one of the original founders of Southampton along with Thomas and Job Sayre. It was however, Edward Howell, my great (x10) grandfather, who received from King Charles I of England the original land grant of 500 acres at Lynn, Massachusetts and it was Edward Howell who was the recognized leader and the primary motivator behind starting the new settlement on Long Island. He was also by far the wealthiest of the original proprietors. In England, Edward had been a part of landed gentry and his family had a coat of arms (see photo). Some scholars have traced the Howell family back many generations to the 900s in Wales. In early 1639, Edward sold his family’s ancestral estate which had been purchased by his grandfather in 1536 during the reign of King Henry VIII and at the age of 55 with his family he sailed for America. In 1640, when Edward and Thomas relocated to Southampton, Edward was 56, Thomas was only 43. Edward was prominent in Southampton and later in Hartford, Connecticut until his death in 1655.

Susannah Howell and Job Sayre were to live their entire lives in Southampton. Together they had eight children including their fifth child, our great (x6) grandfather, James Sayre, who was born on January 3, 1720. Job died on March 26, 1755 in Southampton. It is unclear exactly when and why James Sayre relocated to Goshen, New York, a community in Orange County in the Hudson River Valley about 70 miles north of New York City. James married Susannah Seeley in Goshen in 1748. Susannah had moved to Goshen from her birth home in Fairfield, Connecticut in 1744 with her parents and siblings. She was eighteen when she married James; James was twenty-eight. James had probably moved to Goshen sometime before he met and married Susannah. It is thought that he may have inherited land in Goshen from his older brother who had died at a young age.

The Seeley family has an interesting position in our family’s history. The family can be traced back to one Obadiah Seeley who was born in England around 1614 and emigrated to America sometime in the early 1630s. Some historians believe that Obadiah Seeley is related to a Robert Seeley who immigrated in 1630 on one of the first ships in the Great Migration. Robert is noted in colonial history as having been second-in-command in the war against the Pequot Indians in 1637. Whether or not these two men were related is a matter of some dispute. What is a more interesting anecdote in the Seeley history and the Baker Family Tree is the following: Susannah Seeley married James Sayre and their great granddaughter Mary Sayre married Asbury Harpending. Mary and Asbury’s daughter, Elizabeth, was the mother of my great grandfather, Asbury Baker. We also discovered while researching the family history that Susannah Seeley’s brother Nathaniel Seeley married Jemina Collins and their great granddaughter, Jane Taft Campbell, married Joshua Wyckoff Rappleye. Joshua and Jane’s daughter, Helen Rappleye, married my great grandfather, Asbury Baker. This is a little confusing but the bottom line is that my great grandparents shared common ancestors beginning with Ebenezer Seeley (1695-1767), the father of both Susannah and Nathaniel Seeley.

James and Susannah were to have nine children including my great (x5) grandfather, Job Sayre who was born February 28, 1758. After James died in 1790, Susannah moved to Newtown (now Southport), near Elmira, New York and later in 1792, she moved to Horseheads, NY. Her move was no doubt motivated by her need to be closer to her brother and his family who had moved to the Elmira area from Goshen some time earlier. With a few exceptions including our great grandfather Job Sayre, most of Susannah’s children moved with their mother to Elmira. Susannah died on September 26, 1807. We located her brother Nathaniel’s grave (as previously noted, he is also one of our great grandfathers) in the Fitzsimmons Cemetery in Southport and we also found her two sons graves in the Maple Grove Cemetery in Horseheads. We could not locate her grave in Chemung County and it is possible that her remains were removed back to Blooming Grove to be placed along side her husband James.

Job Sayre, the son of James and Susannah, was only seventeen years old in October of 1775 when he first enlisted in the military under Captain Thomas Moffat of Blooming Grove. The Battle of Bunker Hill had been fought against the British army less than four months earlier and no doubt Job was an excited teenager anxious to defend his country. After enlisting he remained in the military for only two months mostly marching from up and down the Hudson Valley before he was discharged in December of 1775. It is interesting however, that during part of his first enlistment he served under a Captain John Wisner of Warwick, who as you may recall was my great (x7) grandfather. John later died fighting in the American Revolution. His story is covered in one of the previous chapters of our family’s history. Job re-enlisted in the American army in February, 1776. This time their company marched down the Hudson to New York to join with General George Washington’s forces who were preparing to defend Long Island and New York City against a British invasion. After skirmishing with the British on Long Island and around New York City in July and August of 1776, Washington finally retreated north of the City on August 30 to avoid a pending defeat. The British hoping to outflank the Continental Army chased the Americans northward. A number of small skirmishes occurred in the pursuing weeks until finally on October 28, 1776 the two forces engaged in a major battle, named by historians as the Battle of White Plains. In Job’s Sayre’s application for a pension filed on May 27, 1833, he reported to the Pension Office in Washington, DC that he had been present at the battle at White Plains and he was “one of five ordered to the management of a field piece . . “ The American forces were ultimately forced to retreat leaving behind over 600 casualties equally split between the two armies. After marching north for a month, Job was again discharged in December, 1776. In the spring of 1777, Job Sayre once again re-enlisted on the condition that he must make himself available to serve at all times when his services were required. He was called up for duty on three more occasions extending through early January 1779. Fortunately, our Job was not to again engage in a battle. He held the rank of Corporal when he was discharged for the final time.

On January 4, 1779 Job Sayre married Hannah Tuthill. Together they were to have eight children including our great (x4) grandfather, Henry Sayre, their fifth child, who was born on July 19, 1788. Job and Hannah were to live out their lives on a farm located about three miles south of Blooming Grove, NY. He remained active in his community serving as a Trustee of the Presbyterian Church of Blooming Grove, and as Assessor, Overseer of Highways, and Overseer of the Poor in Blooming Grove from 1797 to 1816. Hannah died on December 15, 1818 at the age of 59. Job outlived her by 37 years dying at the age of 87 on November 18, 1845. They are both buried in Blooming Grove.

We began our story of the Sayre family with the photograph of Kathy standing over Henry Sayre’s gravestone in Dundee, New York. Henry, his second wife, Elizabeth Wheeler, and their daughter Mary are buried in the small Harpending Cemetery in Dundee that is the resting place of many of my ancestors including my great grandfather Asbury H. Baker, his wife Helen Rappleye, his father Charles S. Baker, Charles’ wife, Elizabeth Harpending, her parents, her grandfather, and even her great grandfather, Peter Harpending, who himself had fought in the American Revolution. Their stories are the subject of another chapter.

Henry Sayre was 24 years in the year 1812 when he served as a Captain in the New York State Militia during the War of 1812. There is no record as to whether or not he saw combat, however for his service he received land grants and his widow was later to receive a pension. His first wife whom he had married in Blooming Grove around 1811, died in 1814 after giving birth to two children, one in 1811 and one in 1813. Perhaps motivated by the land grant that he had received for his service in the war, Henry moved to Benton in Yates County, NY around 1817. We know that Henry’s brother Job had previously moved to Benton for his brother had a son born in Benton in 1817. A normally reliable source lists the date of Henry’s marriage to Elizabeth Wheeler as October 23, 1819. This date if accurate is disturbing since that we know that Henry and Elizabeth’s first child, Mary Sayre, our great (x3) grandmother, was born on March 4, 1818, more than a year earlier than the suspect marriage date. In any case, and we do not believe the 1819 marriage date is accurate, Elizabeth Wheeling was only 18 in 1818 when Mary was born, Henry was 30.

Elizabeth’s grandfather, George Wheeler, and her grandmother, Catherine Lyon (my great (x6) grandparents, were married in their hometown in Dutchess County, New York in 1766. In 1791 George with his entire family including Elizabeth’s father, Nathan who had been born in 1777, moved to Benton in Yates County, New York. In 1791, they would have be one of the earliest of the pioneer families in Benton and in Yates County. At this early day, George purchased hundreds of acres of land which embraced the northwest corner of Milo Township, as well as a large section of the present day Village of Penn Yan plus the land running north of Penn Yan to the village of Benton Center. Some of the land he purchased for a cost of only 50 cents per acre. When George died in 1824 (see photo of George's grave), his extensive landholdings were inherited by his surviving children, including Nathan, Elizabeth’s father. When Henry and Elizabeth married in 1818 in Benton, their first home was no doubt on land owned or given to them by her grandfather or her father.

Henry and Elizabeth were to have six children. Mary and her brother Job were both born in Benton. Their third child, Nathan Wheeler Sayre, named after his grandfather, was born in Penn Yan. Their son, William Henry Sayre, was born in 1826 in Dundee, New York. We assume from the location and date of William Henry’s birth that the Sayre family had moved to Dundee sometime prior to 1826 although information reviewed at the Dundee Area Historical Society indicated that the family moved to their farm house out at Sayre’s Corners around 1835 (see photograph of their home as it appears today). It is possible that the family lived in Dundee prior to moving out to their farm. Sayre’s Corners is the informal name given to the intersection of Preemption Road and Crawford Road located about three miles south of Dundee. Their homestead is on the northeast corner of the intersection. The Sayres were to remain on the family farm until Henry’s death at which time the house passed to his oldest son. An interesting aspect of history and American culture is often revealed by reviewing old census records. The Sayre family household at the Sayre’s Corner homestead in 1860 consisted of 71 year old Henry and his 61 year old wife Elizabeth, plus two of their sons both in their 30s, two of Henry’s spinster sisters ages 65 and 74, Henry’s grandson, William Henry Harpending, age 12, (William Henry’s father, Asbury Harpending, wife of Mary Sayre, died when William Henry was only six), and a 25 year old Mary Sayre whom I have not identified, although she was obviously another relative. I can not help but make the observation that in the 1800s families very much depended on one another for support. This is in contrast somewhat with our society today where we possibly may be overly dependant on the government to take care of us. With that political observation I end this chapter and encourage our family to read the previous chapter on the history of the Harpending/Baker families.

Henry and Elizabeth’s daughter, Mary Sayre, married Asbury Harpending in 1840. Their story is told in another chapter in our family’s history.

Monday, January 29, 2007

Chapter 12 - Wisner, Sly, and Maxwell Families

Our Elmira Ancestors

The picture on the left is my great (x4) grandfather, Thomas Maxwell. He was born in Athens, Pennsylvania on February 16, 1792. At the age of four, Thomas moved with his parents to Newtown, New York where he was to spend the remainder of his life. This chapter tells the story of Thomas Maxwell and some of our other ancestors many of whom were among the earliest pioneers in the wilderness area that was to become the City of Elmira, New York.

Prior to the 1780s, this part of the country was nothing more than forest and a few Indian villages that were located along the flat banks of the Tioga River. The land was fertile and excellent for farming and the resident Indians were extensive farmers. As of yet the white settlers had not moved into the area although they were gradually populating the lands not far to the south in Pennsylvania along the Susquehanna River. The Tioga River (later renamed the Chemung River) flowed south into the Susquehanna River. The northwardly migration of the white settlers into Indian Territory did not go unnoticed by the Indians.

These Indians were primarily Seneca Indians recognized at the time as one of the fiercest of the tribes of the Iroquois Confederation. Their lands included most of Western New York from Lake Ontario to the north, Seneca Lake to the east, Lake Erie to the west and most of the land in Northeastern Pennsylvania that had not already been confiscated by the new white settlers. The Indians understandably hated the Americans. When war finally broke out in 1777 between the Americans and the British, most of the tribes of the Iroquois Confederations who previously had taken a position of neutrality, agreed to join forces with the British against the Americans. This decision ultimately proved disastrous for the tribes.

Beginning in early 1778, maraudering bands of Indians starting attacking settlements in the Mohawk and Susquehanna River Valleys, burning villages and killing and scalping settlers. By mid-year the Indians had joined forces with Loyalist and Tories under the command of British Colonel John Butler and they intensified their attacks beginning first in early July 1778 with the “Wyoming Massacre” in Pennsylvania where over 300 settlers were killed. This was followed again in November 1778 when Butler and his Indian allies murdered 50 settlers at the Cherry Valley Massacre. [The Wyoming Massacre is described in Chapter 8 of our family’s history.]

General George Washington realized that something needed to be done to stop these attacks. He also realized that the fertile lands occupied by the nations of the Iroquois Confederation in New York were the breadbasket of the British Army. Fortunately for the Continental Army, the British troops in the summer of 1779 were not active in the Northeast having chosen at that time to concentrate their military efforts in the south. This afforded General Washington the opportunity to divert a large portion of his northern troops to a campaign whose purpose was to drive the Indians from their lands. Because General John Sullivan was given the command by Washington of the largest body of soldiers (around 3,000), this offensive became known as the Sullivan Expedition.

In the late summer of 1779, General Sullivan marched his troops north along the Susquehanna River. In Athens, Pennsylvania where the Susquehanna River meets the Tioga River (Chemung River) Sullivan’s troops joined with General Clinton’s smaller army. The two combined armies of around 5,000 men then proceeded northwest along the Chemung until they reached an Indian village which was later to be called “New Town,” near the present City of Elmira. There on August 29, 1779, the Sullivan-Clinton army engaged in battle an army of Indians and Loyalist troops under the command of Col. John Butler. The battle lasted only a few hours and there were few casualties on both sides. In the end however, the Indians and the Loyalist forces turned and fled. Despite the fact that the Battle of Newtown was not a major battle in the Revolutionary War, it was nevertheless significant for it affectively ended the power of the Iroquois Confederation. After the battle Sullivan’s forces marched north and like General Sherman’s famous “March to the Sea” during the Civil War, Sullivan implemented a policy of the total destruction of the Indian villages and their fields, orchards, and granaries. The Battle of Newtown is still recognized each year in the City of Elmira with a reenactment held in August at the Newtown Battlefield State Park.

Once the area was cleared of Indians it was opened for settlement. This chapter in our family’s history covers three branches of our family that took advantage of the fertile and inexpensive land available in the area of Elmira, New York. These are the ancestors of my Grandmother Helen Spaulding Baker, who was born in Elmira. The first branch is the Wisner family. Clara Wisner married Henry Clinton Spaulding who is a subject of Chapter 4 in our family’s history. The second branch is the Sly family. One of the Sly’s daughters married the son of Henry Clinton Spaulding. The third branch is the Maxwell family. Thomas Maxwell’s daughter married a Sly. My father’s father’s side of the family were Harpendings, covered in Chapter 9, and Rappleyes, covered in Chapter 1.

Elmira Branch #1- The Wisner Family:

Hendrick Wisner (1698-1767) m. Mary Shaw
John Wisner (1718-1778) m. Anna Jayne
Henry Wisner (1742-1812) m. Susannah Goldsmith
John Wisner (1771-1811) m. Elizabeth Bertholf
Henry Wisner (1801-1862) m Maria Smith
Clara A Wisner (1822-1906) m. Henry Clinton Spaulding (1812-1902)

Hendrick Wisner, my great (x7) grandfather, was born in Switzerland in 1698. He immigrated with his parents, Johannes Wisner and Elizabeth Dumbaugh, in the year 1714 when Hendrick was 16. Hendrick met and married his wife Mary Shaw, reported to be from a New England family, in 1719 after he arrived in New York and after he had moved to Warwick, in Orange County, New York. Here their first son was born. Orange County is located in the Hudson River Valley, northwest of New York City. Mary and Hendrick had three children before her death in 1725 at the age of 26. Their first son John, our great (x5) grandfather, was born in 1718. Their second son Henry, one of our great uncles, was a New York delegate to the Continental Congress who approved the Declaration of Independence. Unfortunately, at least for our family’s pride, Henry had to leave before the formal signing of the Declaration on July 4th. Hendrick and his parents are said to be the first settlers in Orange County. It is also reported by one source that Hendrick Wisner was an “extensive landowner.” He died in the year 1767.

John Wisner, my great (x6) grandfather, was born in 1718. In the year 1740 he married Anna Jayne and together they had seven children all of whom were born between the years 1742 and 1755. We know little of John’s early life although it is likely that he was a prominent farmer probably as a result of inheritances from his father. At the beginning of the Revolutionary War in 1776, John, at age 58, was appointed a Captain in a regiment of the Orange County Militia. In September of that year, the regiment he commanded participated in a brief skirmish against the British on Montresor’s Island, part of New York’s Long Island. General Washington’s army was at this early state of the war battling to prevent the British from capturing New York City. Apparently John’s efforts on Long Island were not appreciated for he was court martialed in October of 1776. It is not clear what happened to John as a result of the court martial, however he was later killed in battle in December 1778.

John and Anna’s oldest son Henry, our great (x5) grandfather, was born on July 11, 1742 in Orange County. Henry Wisner married Susannah Goldsmith on January 1, 1764 in Orange County and together they had eleven children born between the years 1765 and 1784. Henry like his father John, enlisted in the army as a Captain on September 22, 1775 before the actual start of the Revolutionary War. He was 33 when he enlisted. He was promoted to a major in February of 1776 and in 1778 he was further promoted to a lieutenant colonel. As a result of his service in the war and probably in lieu of pay, Henry in the mid-1780s was issued 400 acres of land on the south side of the Chemung River in Newtown, NY (Elmira), one of several military lots granted to soldiers of the Revolution. Whether or not Henry ever lived on his land holdings in Elmira we do not know, but we do know that between 1788 and the early 1790’s both Henry and his son, Jeffrey acquired thousands of acres of land in the Elmira area including 4,000 acres in Big Flats, which he later subdivided and resold. This land he purchased for only 1 shilling and 6 pence per acre, well below the resale value. It appears that Henry had become a land speculator in the red hot Elmira real estate market and it no doubt made him a wealthy man.

It is interesting to compare the father and the son’s success in the military. Both men enlisted in the army at the rank of Captain. No doubt John due to his position in the community, his wealth, and his ability to raise a regiment, was made captain because he had sponsored the regiment. Henry, his son, although helped by his father’s position, was a born-leader and he advanced rapidly. Wealth and buying military rank did not automatically mean that one was a good military leader. John apparently was a failure as a commander whereas his young son was successful. As we learned in Chapter 5 about the Crimean War, the British custom of appointing officers from the ranks of nobility and wealth often led to failure in battle due to incompetent leadership. History reminds us that this problem continued to plague our own military leadership as late as the American Civil War. Henry died in 1812 at his home in Orange County. His wife Susannah died in 1841 at the age of 98. Between 1776 and 1782, Henry Wisner was a member of the New York State Legislature representing Duchess, Orange, and Ulster Counties.

John Wisner, our great (x4) grandfather, was born on January 13, 1771 in Orange County, New York, the fifth child of Henry and Susannah. He married Elizabeth Bertholf on May 16, 1790 and together they had eight children all of whom were born in Orange County. We know almost nothing about John and Elizabeth other than John was reported to be a farmer. He died in 1811 at the age of 40. Elizabeth died in 1843 outliving her husband by 32 years.

John Wisner’s sixth child was our great (x3) grandfather, Henry Wisner who was born at his parent’s home in Orange County on June 13, 1801. Henry married Maria Smith around 1821 and together they had four children, all of whom were born in Orange County. In 1834, Henry and his family moved to Elmira, New York. We assume that Henry moved to occupy land in Elmira that he had inherited from his grandfather and to seek the greater opportunities offered in this new rapidly growing community. In the 1850 US Census in Elmira, we learned that Henry and Maria were living next door to Henry Clinton Spaulding, my great (x3) grandfather, and his wife and Henry’s daughter, Clara Wisner. Henry Wisner’s real estate in the census was valued at $4,000, a large sum in 1850. We also learned from our history of the Spauldings in Chapter 4, that Henry Spaulding, their son-in-law was a prosperous lumberman. While Henry Wisner is listed as a farmer in the census, I think that it is safe to conclude that he was a well-to-do farmer. Henry and Maria are both buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira, New York within a few feet of the graves of my Grandfather and Grandmother Baker.

Elmira Branch #2 – The Sly Family:

John Michael Sly (? -abt.1777) m. Unknown
Michael Sly (? -abt.1808)) m. Catherine (? –abt 1793)
John Sly (1764-1856) m. Mary Hammond (1774-1859)
Mathew McReynolds Sly (1815-1876) m. Susan Maxwell (1823-1848)
Mary Catherine Sly (1844-1917) m. Charles Henry Spaulding (1841-1875)

There is very little historical information available about John Michael Sly, our great (x6) grandfather. We know that his will was probated in Easton, Pennsylvania and that he had lived in Smithfield Township north of Easton in the present county of Monroe. His will was probated in 1777 which is likely the year he died. Smithfield Township lies along the Delaware River which today serves as the state border between Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey. John Michael had at least three children, one of whom was our ancestor Michael Sly who was executor of his father’s will. Michael Sly’s children were all christened in the Smithfield Dutch Reformed Church leading to the speculation that the Slys were of Dutch or German ancestry. We know that many of the early settlers in northeastern Pennsylvania in the area of Wyoming County (Wilkes Barre, PA) had migrated from Connecticut and were mostly of Anglo-Saxon heritage. It is more likely however, that the Slys were not of English descent and their family had moved west from New Jersey or New York City where in the early 1700s the population was largely Dutch and German. It is suggested by one source that the name Sly may have been alternatively spelled Schley, Schleigh, Slye, Slie, Sligh, or Schlei all of which suggest a German or Dutch heritage. According to John Michael’s will he was a man of modest means. We do not know the name of his wife and it is entirely possible that she died at an early age.

Michael Sly, our great (x5) grandfather, was born in Smithfield Township, Pennsylvania around the year 1745. He married a girl named Catherine whose last name we do not know, in the year 1766 and together they had ten children including their first born child, our great (x4) grandfather, John Sly. All of Michael and Catherine’s children were born in Smithfield. On September 29, 1777, Michael enlisted in the County Militia. We could find no record that he participated in any of the battles in the American Revolution. After the war in 1788, Michael and his oldest son John traveled overland on horseback to explore the lands along the Chemung River near the present day city of Elmira. They had heard stories of the Indian-free, rich fertile farming land that was being made available for purchase at a low cost. When they arrived the stories proved to be accurate and they purchased 600 acres of land on the flat south bank of the Chemung River near the Village of New Town. In 1788, they were among the first settlers to arrive in the area. Michael then returned to Smithfield to bring the rest of his family back to their new home.

Most historians record that John Sly, our great (x4) grandfather, actually purchased the land and not his father. This does seem to make sense since John Sly owned the land when he died in 1856. On the other hand, one source reports that John’s brothers sold their portions of their inherited property back to John. This could not be confirmed. Oddly enough, I was unable to find any evidence that any of the Slys had purchased land as early as 1788. Whether John had the money to purchase the land in 1788 is doubtful. It is worth noting however, that in a listing of taxpayers in Newtown in 1794 the names John Sly, Michael Sly, and Adam Sly (Michael’s brother) all appeared. This would seem to imply that they each owned separate parcels purchased some time after 1788.

John Sly was only 24 years old when he arrived in New Town. In the historical records of Chemung County it is written that he arrived with his fifteen year old bride, Miss Polly Hammond. Their arrival is described as follows: “The bridal trip of this couple was accomplished on horseback, and on one horse at that. Mr. Sly bought 600 acres on the flats in Southport, opposite Elmira, for ten shillings an acre. From it he cut the timber and put up a log house for himself and his young wife.” Mary “Polly” Hammond, our great (x4) grandmother, was the daughter of Lebbeus Hammond and Lucy Tubbs. Their story is covered in Chapter 8 of our family’s history. We wrote in Chapter 8 that Lebbeus Hammond and his family relocated from Wyoming County to New Town in 1787, one year earlier than John Sly’s arrival. If this is true, the romantic notion of John and Polly arriving together on horseback in 1788 may be a fabrication. On the other hand, if the Hammond family actually arrived in 1788, it is possible that John Sly and his father had passed through Wyoming County on their trip west, John had fallen in love and married Polly, and together the Slys and the Hammonds traveled north to find new land in New York. This scenario is supported by land purchase records that show Lebbeus Hammond purchasing numerous parcels in late 1788. Is it possible that Lebbeus actually purchased the land and gave some of it to his new son-in-law as a wedding gift? Now that is a romantic notion.
In any case, John and Polly had thirteen children together, their youngest child being born when Polly was only 16. Our great (x3) grandfather, Mathew McReynolds Sly, their last child, was born in 1814. In 1795, John began construction of a new and much larger home for his family. The home was located at the intersection of Maple Avenue and Sly Street near the Madison Avenue Bridge at the present address of 300 Maple Avenue in Elmira. The house remained in the Sly family until 1952. In 1961, the old family homestead was torn down to make room for a new gas station. The Sly family home at 300 Maple Avenue was still standing when my father was born in 1916 at his parent’s home up the street at 826 Maple Avenue.

John Sly was to farm his land for his entire life. It apparently was a successful endeavor for it was reported that he was a wealthy man, very pious and generous to the poor. He was a member of the First Baptist Church in Elmira and one of the founding stockholders of the Chemung Canal Bank of Elmira. John died at his home on August 27, 1856. Polly survived her husband by only three years. They are buried together in the Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira near the graves of their children, the Spaulding family, and the graves of my grandparents.

There is one last historical note about John Sly that I hesitate to mention. John is listed by the Sons of the American Revolution (SAR file 4381) as having been a 2nd Lieutenant in the Pennsylvania Militia during the Revolution. If this is accurate and John enlisted with his father in 1777, he would have been only 13 years old. While that may have been possible in 1777 (and who am I to question the SAR), it is unrealistic to believe that he would have been a thirteen year old 2nd lieutenant. There are no references that he ever fired a gun in battle.

John Sly’s son, Mathew McReynolds Sly, our great (x3) grandfather was born on December 30, 1815 in his parents home on Maple Avenue in Southport (Newtown). He married Susan Maxwell who was born on December 15, 1842. Together they had two children including Mary Catherine Sly, our great (x2) grandmother, who was born on March 17, 1844. Susan died on October 4, 1848 at the age of 25 after giving birth to her second child and son, James Sly. In the 1860 US Census, Mathew is listed as living with his second wife, his 16 year old daughter, Mary Catherine, and his three servants and two laborers. The census indicated that Mathew was a farmer with real estate valued at $50,000. One source indicates that he was a co-owner of a stage coach line operating out of Elmira. Mathew died on November 15, 1876 at the age of 61 at his home at 300 Maple Avenue, the home that his father had built for his family in 1795. Mathew and Susan are both buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira. Their daughter Mary Catherine Sly married Charles Henry Spaulding on October 15, 1862. Charles Henry’s sisters were good friends of Samuel Clemens and his wife as we discovered in Chapter 4 of our family’s history.

Elmira Branch #3 – The Maxwell Family

Alexander Maxwell m. Jane McBrantney
Guy Maxwell (1770-1814) m. Neeltje Eleanor Vansteenberg (1770-1824)
Thomas Maxwell (1762-1864) m. Maria Purdy (1801-1846)
Susan Maxwell (1823-1848) m. Mathew McReynolds Sly

We know very little about Alexander Maxwell and his wife Jane McBrantney, my great (x6) grandparents. We know that they were both Scottish and that he was from Caerlaverock, Scotland and she was “an accomplished woman connected with the clan McPherson.” When I did a Google search to locate Caerlaverock, Scotland I found a reference to a Sir Eustace Maxwell of Caerlaverock who had fought along side William Wallace (Mel Gibson’s “Brave Heart”), Scotland’s great hero in their fight for independence from the English in the 1300’s. Is it possible that we are related to Sir Eustace? The adjacent photograph of Caerlaverock Castle, the old Maxwell homestead, is located near Dunfries, Scotland. Anyway, I believe that Alexander and Jane were married in late 1769. In June of 1770 they departed from Glasgow on a ship bound for America. Unfortunately, the ship was driven ashore during a storm and wreaked on Irish soil in the County Down. While stranded in Ireland their first son, Guy Maxwell, my great (x5) grandfather, was born on July 19, 1770. The family eventually made it to America in 1772 and settled in a community near Martinsburg, Virginia.

When Guy Maxwell was eighteen years old he met a Colonel Hollenback who was visiting his old home in Martinsburg. Colonel Hollenback was a Revolutionary War veteran turned entrepreneur who was opening stores in the settlements along the Susquehanna River. The Colonel took a liking to young Guy and hired him to run one of his new stores in Tioga Point (Athens), Pennsylvania. Guy relocated to Tioga Point in the year 1788. Apparently, he was highly competent for in 1791 he opened his own mercantile business and in the same year he was not only appointed to the position of Justice of the Peace, he also received a license to operate a tavern. Also in 1791, Guy married my great (x5) grandmother, Neeltje (“Nellie”) Eleanor van Steenberg. Nellie was of Dutch ancestry. Her great, great grandfather had emigrated from Holland in the 1640’s and the family had settled in the Kingston, New York area along the Hudson River. After the Revolutionary War, Nellie moved with her parents to Tioga Point. Guy and Nellie were to have six children including our great (x4) grandfather, Thomas Maxwell, who was born in Tioga Point (Athens) on February 16, 1792.

In August of 1796, the Maxwell family relocated to Newtown, New York, where they acquired land and built a home on the south side of the Chemung River, near the home of John Sly and his family. Guy engaged in a mercantile business in his new community. In 1798 he was appointed the principal Tioga (Chemung) County tax assessor in charge of internal revenue, a position that did not last long, as tax collection was “exceedingly obnoxious to the people of the county” and the position and tax collection was discontinued. In 1800, Guy was appointed sheriff of Tioga County, a position that he held for four years. Before Guy Maxwell died on February 14, 1814 at the age of only forty-three he was considered to be “a man of considerable property” owning at one point more than one-half of the property in the business part of the city. Nellie outlived her husband by only ten years.

Guy and Nellie’s son Thomas Maxwell married his second wife, Maria Purdy, our great (x4) grandmother, in 1819 when he was twenty-seven and she was just eighteen. Thomas’ first wife had died very young possibly due to complications at child birth when their daughter was born in 1818. Together Thomas and Maria were to have nine children including their third child, our great (x3) grandmother, Susan C. Maxwell who was born in 1823.

Thomas Maxwell whose picture appears at the beginning of this chapter has one of the best resumes of all of our ancestors that I have researched. During the War of 1812 he was appointed quartermaster of a Cavalry regiment. From 1819 to 1892 he was Clerk of Tioga County. In 1828 he was elected as a Democrat to the House of Representatives and served in the Twenty-first US Congress during Andrew Jackson’s first term as President. In 1834 he was appointed as Postmaster of Elmira. Between 1834 and 1836 Thomas was Editor of the Elmira Gazette. He was at one time, about 1841, vice-president of the New York and Erie Railroad Company. In 1845 he moved his family to Geneva, New York where he was admitted as an attorney, and was appointed deputy clerk of the New York State Supreme Court. Thomas Maxwell died in 1867 after being struck by a train of railroad cars on his way home. It was hardly a fitting end for such an illustrious career. In a Chemung County history article it is written: “The latter years of his life were spent in advocating the pension claims of soldiers [Revolutionary and 1812 war soldiers]. In many ways he was one of the foremost men of his county [Chemung], and his character and disposition were such as to draw closely to him those with whom he came in contact.” Thomas and Maria are buried in Woodlawn Cemetery.

Thomas and Maria’s daughter Susan married Mathew McReynolds Sly on December 15, 1842.

This chapter has covered three families all of whom were ancestors of my Grandmother Baker, Helen Spaulding. Clara A. Wisner was my Grandmother’s great grandmother on her father’s father’s side. Susan Maxwell was my Grandmother’s great grandmother on her father’s mother’s side. Mary Catherine Sly was my grandmother’s grandmother on her father’s side.

Friday, January 19, 2007

Chapter 11 - Our Scandinavian Ancestors

In the spring of 2004, Kathy and I departed from Florida in our motor home. Our plan was to attend my college reunion in early June in Ithaca, New York, visit my sister and her family in Boston, spend three or four weeks in Canada’s Maritime Provinces, and then return home to Florida by late summer. After several stops on the way north to visit historical sites such as Fredericksburg and Gettysburg, we finally arrived at our first long term campsite where we planned to stay at least two weeks. It was here at the K.O.A. Campground where we met Carol Knox and her husband. Kathy and I shared a few drinks with the Knox’s who had parked their RV next to ours and it was during our initial conversation with them that I mentioned to Carol that I was interested in my family’s genealogy. As it turned out, Carol was an avid genealogist and claimed to have collected over 12,000 names in her family tree. She was very interested in where I stood collecting information so I shared with her some of our family’s names. That night after we parted company, she must have stayed up late, for the next morning she delivered pages and pages of information printed from genealogical websites regarding my family’s ancestors. There were so many new names that it took me several weeks just to enter the names into the family tree stored on my computer. One of the lineages she discovered traced our family roots back to Alfonso I, the first King of Portugal. Alfonso had chased the Moors out of Lisbon way back in the 11th century.

Quite by coincidence, in the spring of 2005, Kathy and I took a transatlantic cruise that disembarked in Lisbon, Portugal, the ancestral home of our relative, Alfonso I. We took this opportunity to visit Alfonso’s much restored castle and the church where he was crowned. Our many photographs on the trip included several pictures of a large statue of Alfonso. Kathy humorously remarked that she could see the family resemblance when she studied Alfonso’s face. It had always been my intention that one of the chapters in our family’s history had to cover the subject of Alfonso’s great deeds. It was not until I had completed ten chapters and entered them into our website, http://www.bakerfamilytree.blogspot.com/, that I finally found the time to begin my research on this side of our family.

Fortunately for today’s genealogist there is a vast amount of free information available on the internet. Anyone interested in learning about their ancestors can join organizations such as Ancestry.com where genealogical information is accumulated and made available to its members. These same websites offer at a modest cost access to historical records such as immigration records, cemetery listings, ship passenger lists, birth certificates, and well as the multitude of other typical sources of data that used to take months to gather through the mail or by visiting genealogical and historical societies. Naturally and especially when viewing family trees prepared by other amateur genealogists, one has to be careful not to accept everything at face value without also doing independent research to find collaborating evidence. I offer these two examples illustrating how easy it is to be misled. Last year, I became convinced that I was a direct descendent of William Shakespeare simply because I found a family tree on Ancestry.com that claimed that our ancestor, a John Hall, was also William Shakespeare’s son-in-law. They both had the same name and they both lived around the same period of time. Of course, Shakespeare’s son-in-law would have had to have immigrated to America to be our John Hall. John Hall, the son-in-law, actually died while still living in England. I learned later that Shakespeare had no descendents below his grandchildren.

The other example of the pitfalls of assuming the accuracy of someone else’s research occurred when I accepted as fact that I was a direct descendent of Afonso I. I am in fact unrelated to Afonso. While one of Afonso’s granddaughters married Valdemar II, King of Denmark, his son who is our ancestor was born in 1211, one year before Valdemar’s arranged marriage to Afonso’s granddaughter. The son was actually born by one of Valdemar’s lovers, the widow of a wealthy Danish nobleman. While the son was born a bastard this was not an uncommon occurrence in the 13th century. Valdemar recognized his son, his nobility, and his right of inheritance in everything but the Danish throne. The bastard son was named Knut Valdemarson and he was my great (x20) grandfather. But our family’s history begins at a much earlier date.

This family story begins in the year 1719 with the marriage of Jeronimus Rapelje and Aeltje van Arsdalen which for clarity purposes we shall label as Generation 1. The story will end with the birth of King Gorm in the year 880. This we will label as Generation 24. Each of the intermediate generations will be labeled with their appropriate numbers.

GENERATION 1:
On September 19, 1719, 22-year old Jeronimus Rapelje, our great (x6) grandfather, married 27-year old Aeltje van Arsdalen. Jeronimus was the great grandson of Joris Rapelje and Catalyntje Jeronymus Trico, the young couple who had immigrated to America in 1623 and who are the subject of the first chapter in our Family History. Jeronimus was also the grandfather of Jeremiah Rappleye who moved with his family to New York’s Finger Lakes Region in 1797 and who is also a subject in Chapter 1. Jeronimus and Aeltje were married in the Dutch Reformed Church in Flatlands, New York, an area that is now part of Brooklyn. It was a farming community in the early 1700s occupied in large part by families of Dutch heritage. They were both born in Flatlands as were their fathers and mothers before them. Perhaps as a result of the scarcity of farm land in Flatlands due to population growth, sometime after their marriage the couple moved to New Brunswick, New Jersey. Jeronimus is reported to have been one of the earliest settlers in New Brunswick. Both he and his wife lived there for the remainder of their lives. He died in 1775 and is buried in New Brunswick. Aeltje followed her husband and died in the year 1784.

We have been able to trace Aeltje’s ancestors back twenty-three generations to the 10th century. Her great grandfather was born in Sweden and emigrated from Amsterdam, Holland in 1637. Her great grandfather’s ancestors included nine generations of Swedes and before them another twelve generations of Danes, many of whom were of royal blood and some of whom were Viking Kings. The remainder of this chapter will cover their history.

GENERATION 4
Claes Cornelissen van Schouwen
, the great grandfather of Aeltje, and our great (x9) grandfather was born on April 3, 1597 on the Island of Oland located four miles off the southeast coast of Sweden. At least six generations of our family preceding Claes Cornelissen were born, lived, worked their entire lives, and are buried on this island that is only 1,342 square kilometers in area. As would be expected, the principle industry of the island is related to the sea. Our ancestors were fisherman, sea captains, and merchant traders. Everything revolved around the islands excellent location in the Baltic Sea and its proximity to their trading partners in Denmark, Finland, Russia, and mainland Europe. The story of Claes Cornelissen is an interesting one.

Claes was a sea captain and merchant-trader. At one point he owned two vessels and four warehouses, one located on the Island of Oland, one in Schouwen in the Netherlands, one in Germany, and one in Denmark. He lived part of his life on the Island of Schouwen in the Netherlands and as was the Dutch custom, his Dutch surname name, van Schouwen, was taken from the location of his home. He married a Dutch women, Margaret van der Goes, on November 9, 1623 and shortly thereafter returned with his new wife to Oland to live near his relatives. In 1630, Claes joined the Swedish military and he served as a soldier in the 30-Years War, a war considered by historians as one of the great conflicts of early modern history. The war consisted of a series of declared and undeclared wars which raged through the years 1618 through 1648. Sweden’s role in the war encompassed only the years 1630 through 1634. The background of the war is complex although at least in part it was a religious war between the Catholics of Austria and Spain, and the Lutherans and Calvinists of Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, and Sweden. Control of the sea ports on the Baltic Sea was another very important secondary motivation for going to war.

Unfortunately for our Claes, he was badly wounded in the head and captured at the Battle of Mitten in Poland in 1631. After suffering terrible hardships during his imprisonment, he miraculously escaped his capturers in 1633, and after an heroic adventure he found his way home. When he returned home he learned the sad news that when the war was at its height in 1631, his wife had died. Furthermore, his business was in ruins and he was forced to sell what was left of his vessels and warehouses. On October 1, 1636, Claes with his son Pieter, departed from Amsterdam on the ship “Rensselaerwyck” headed for America. They arrived in New Amsterdam on March 8, 1637. Claes remained in Manhattan working as a contractor for the rest of his life. He died in 1674. He remarried in New York and had four more children, including our great (x8) grandmother, Pieterje Claussen van Schouwen who was born in 1640. Pieterje married Simon Jansen van Arsdalen, Aeltje’s grandfather, who was born in Belgium. They both lived and died in Flatlands, New York as did their children.

As might be expected, there is not a lot of information available about Claes’ ancestors that lived on the Island of Oland other than their names and birth and death dates and the few family stories covered below. For continuity purposes I am listing their names, starting with Claes’ parents:

Part 2 (Years 1447 to 1599)
Cornelius Petersson (1560-1599) m. Johanna van der Goes ( ?-1592)
Peter Eriksson (1527-1589) . Matilda van Houden (1531-1591)
Erik Erikson (1490-Abt. 1550) m. Anna Olosdotter (Abt 1499-Abt 1542)
Erik Knutson (Abt 1469-Abt 1491) m. Cajsa Brita Gregorsdotter (Abt 1473-Abt 1500)
Knut Simonson (1443-Abt. 1531) m Barbro Knus (1447-1469).

SWEDISH SURNAMES:
It took me quite some time researching our Swedish ancestors before I caught on to their names. For example, I could not understand why Claes Cornelissen’s father’s surname was not also Cornelissen. Then it became quite obvious. His father’s first name became Claes’ last name with the addition of “son” or “sen”, thereby identifying him by name as the son of Cornelius. With that knowledge, it becomes quite easy to predict that Knut Simonson’s father had a first name of Simon. In the same vain, the daughter’s surname was derived from the father’s first name with the addition of “sdotter” which probably means in Swedish, daughter of. This different way of naming the offspring must have played havoc on English speaking immigration officers in our country’s early history. For that reason, it is not surprising that Pieter, Claes’s son, whose last name would have been Claessen, changed his surname once he arrived in America to Wyckoff to help distinguish him from all of the other Claessens in New Amsterdam. Apparently Claes was a common first name as was Pieter. Thereafter, all of Pieter’s children and descendents carried the surname of Wyckoff. I mention this because one of my ancestors, the son of our clock builder, was named Joshua Wyckoff Rappleye, the Wyckoff name coming from an earlier family member and the original Pieter Wyckoff.

GENERATION 5:
While we do not know much about Claes’ immediate ancestors we do know that Claes’ father, Cornelius Petersson, our great (x10) grandfather, was himself a merchant-trader on the Island of Oland and he owned and captained a ship named the “Calmarsund.” We also know that because he owned his own ship he was pulled into another military conflict this time involving Duke Charles, the future King of Sweden and King Sigismund of Poland. Apparently King Sigismund, a Catholic, had a claim to the throne of Sweden despite the fact that Sweden was predominately a Protestant nation and Duke Charles was a champion of the new Lutheranism. In 1598, Sigismund returned to Sweden to claim his throne and in southern Sweden near Kalmar, the coastal city near the Island of Oland, home of Cornelius Peterson, a battle ensued in which the forces of Duke Charles defeated the forces of King Sigismund. King Sigismund lost his claim to the throne of Sweden and in 1604, Duke Charles became King Charles IX of Sweden.

We do not know for certain the role that Cornelius Petersson played in this conflict although it seems clear that he must have supported King Sigismund since Duke Charles had Cornelius tried for treason in 1599. He was found guilty of treason but was later pardoned. There is no definitive record of what happened to Cornelius after his trial although he did end up dead in February of 1601. This leads to the speculation that he may have been murdered or died while in prison. He was in his early 40s when he died. His son Claes was only five years old.

GENERATION 6:
Unfortunately, war was an all to common occurrence in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries in the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1563, war broke out between Sweden and Denmark with off and on again fighting persisting for seven years until a treaty was signed in 1670. The war is named by historians, the Baltic Seven Years War. Our great (x11) grandfather, Peter Ericksson (1527-1589), sea captain of the ship “Calmarne Bancken” sailing with his two older brothers, Nils and Hans, was to play a role in the war. For Nils and Hans it was to be a life ending role.

In 1397, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway agree to a union between their three counties to act as one state under one common monarchy. Each country in the “confederation” was to retain its own laws and its own governing elites. Unity was to exist in terms of foreign policy, and national security. The agreement is called by historians the Kalmar Union, named after the Swedish city near the Island of Oland where the agreement was signed. Even considering the occasional difficulties that arose during the period of the confederacy, the Union worked fairly well for over 100 years. Unfortunately, with the change of monarchy in Denmark in the later years of the union, Sweden grew very discontent with the leadership in Denmark, and finally in 1523, Sweden elected its own king, King Gustav I Vasa, which effectively ended the Kalmar Union. Over the next 40 years, Gustav fortified Sweden and developed Sweden’s first standing army. Gustav I is considered today by most Swedes as the “father of modern Sweden.” Unfortunately, when Gustav died in 1560, he was succeeded by his eldest son Erik XIV, who was mentally unbalanced and much too adventuresome, which resulted in alienating many of his nobles, squandering the treasury’s surplus, and starting a war with Denmark in 1563.

The war that followed involved numerous land and sea battles beginning on May 30, 1563 when the Swedish navy fired on Danish ships off the coast of Sweden. A two day sea battle ensued resulting in a Danish defeat followed shortly by a formal declaration of war by Sweden against Denmark. Our great (x11) grandfather, Peter Eriksson and his two brothers were a part of the navy engaged in this first naval battle. We do not know the details of their involvement other than they may not have performed up to expectations, for shortly after the battle all three were tried for cowardice [not a family trait, I hope]. Fortunately, all three were acquitted of this charge. Unfortunately, Peter’s brother Hans was also found guilty of freeing prisoners and he was subsequently executed. Nils, Peter’s other brother, was found guilty of treason and he too was executed. It was a cruel world back in 1564. Peter on the other hand was set free and he continued to serve as a sea captain for the remainder of the war fighting in a number of sea battles during which he apparently acquitted himself well. Peter died in 1589 and he is buried on the Island of Oland, the home of his parents, his wife, his children, and many of his ancestors.

GENERATION 11:
Knut Simonson
was our earliest ancestors to be born on the Island of Oland. We do not know whether his father, Simon Kristoferson Strale, our great (x15) grandfather, was born or lived any of his life on Oland or in Kalmar, Sweden. All we do know about Simon was that he was born around 1410 and he married a rather wealthy woman of noble heritage from Aspenas, Sweden. Her name was Elin Ivarsdotter and at least four generations of her ancestors lived in or around Aspenas, Sweden. I have spent a great deal of time researching the whereabouts of Aspenas without a great deal of success. The best that I can determine is that Aspenas was the medieval name of an area in Ostergotland, a province in southeast Sweden located about 100 miles north of the coastal city of Kalmar. Aspenas was most likely the name given to the castle and the estate of the nobleman who owned the property. One source in my research reported that one of our ancestors was the “Lord of Aspenas.” It is clear from my research however, that at least five generations of our family were wealthy nobles from the Aspenas area. They include:

Part 3 (Years 1230 to 1490)
Simon Kristoferson Strale (? – abt.1410) m. Elin Ivarsdotter (1404-abt.1490)
Ivar Knutson (father of Elin) (bef. 1347 – aft.1404) m. Elin Larsdotter
Knut Jonsson (abt.1270 – 1347) m. Katrina Bengtsdotter (? – 1350)
Jon Filipsson (abt.1212 – 1280) m. Ingeborg Svantepolksdotter (abt.1250 – 1340)
Svantepolk Knutson (1230 – 1310) m. Bengta Folkunge (? – 1280)

GENERATION 14:
Svantepolk Knutson
, our great (x19) grandfather, was the son of the son of Valdemar II, one of the Denmark’s early medieval kings. Valdemar will be the subject of this story in a subsequent paragraph. Svantepolk was born in Estonia in 1230, a province in present day Poland. His father was the Duke of Revalia in Estonia. Land and titles were granted to his father in Estonia by his grandfather, Valdmar II. Perhaps as a result of an arrangement, Svantepolk moved to Sweden and married Bengta Folkunge sometime around 1250. Bengta was the grand daughter of King Sverker II, the late King of Sweden. Her older sister was the wife of Eric XI, the then current King of Sweden. Svantepolk already wealthy from his inheritances gained even greater wealth with his marriage to Bengta. His position of being the brother-in-law of the King further enhanced his position as a high lord of Swedish nobility.

Svantepolk Knutson is a notable name in Swedish history. He became the Justiciar of Ostrogothia which meant that he was a senator, judge, and close adviser to the King. One source refers to him as the “Lord of Skarsholm” which is an area in Ostergotland, near the estates of 13th century Swedish royalty. Above all, Svantepolk was a remarkable and wealthy feudal lord in Sweden during his lifetime.

GENERATION 13:
Svantepolk’s daughter, Ingeborg Svantepolksdotter, our great (x18) grandmother, was very young when she married Jon Filipsson, who was over 30 years her senior. Undoubtedly the marriage was arranged which was the custom of the time. Jon was a wealthy nobleman who carried the title of “Lord of Aspenas” and obviously he must have been considered a suitable husband for Svantepolk’s young daughter. It was probably not Jon’s first marriage considering that he was in his fifties when they married. Their marriage lasted for less than ten years for in the year 1280, Jon was murdered. Ingeborg, only thirty when he husband died, lived another 60 years. I can not help but speculate that Jon’s father-in-law, Svantepolk, may have reconsidered his choice of Jon as a husband for his daughter, and may have had the marriage ended by ordering Jon’s murder. Those were cruel years in the 13th century.

GENERATION 12:
Knut Jonssan
, our great (x17) grandfather, was the son of Jon and Ingeborg and only 10 years old when his father was murdered. Knut was born with all of the advantages. He had wealth and he had power. His wife, Katrina Bengtsdotter, was the daughter of a Justiciar and a cousin of the Folkunge kings. Knut went on to become the Lord High Justiciar of Sweden under King Magnus IV, King of Sweden and Norway. This position was the second highest position in the land under the King. Knut died at the age of 77 in the year 1347, only 3 years before the “Black Death” spread into Sweden.

The bubonic plague is thought to have begun in Asia in the year 1334. The exact cause of death and how the disease was spread is still a subject of some debate although the general consensus seems to be that death was caused by a bacteria carried by rat fleas. Humans were affected when bitten by the diseased fleas. The plague spread rapidly reaching Europe in 1348 and finally reaching Sweden by late 1349. It is estimated that between one-third and two-thirds of the European population died between 1348 and 1350. It is believed that over 200,000 Swedes died in the year 1350. The disease caused major skin damage that resulted in the body being covered with dark blotches hence the plague being referred to as the “Black Plague” or “Black Death”. Most victims died within four to seven days after infection. Europe was overwhelmed by the onslaught.

Knut Jonsson’s wife, Katrina Bengtsdotter, our great (x17) grandmother, died in Sweden in the year 1350. There is no record of how she died, however considering that one-third or more of the population of Sweden died in the year 1350, it is easy to speculate and even to conclude that Katrina died from this dreaded disease. We are fortunate that her son, Ivar Knutson, who could not have been more than 10 years old in 1350, survived or was not afflicted by the disease. Her son’s survival is fortunate for he is our great (x16) grandfather.

All of Svantepolk Knutson’s ancestors were born in Denmark. All of them at least as far as our family story goes, were nobility and in a few cases, even royalty. These ancestors include:

Part 3 (Years 1096 to 1260)
Knut Valdemarsen (1211-1260) m. Hedvig ? (1215 - ?)
Valdemar II (1170-1241) x Helena Guttormsdotter (1172 - ?) never married
Valdemar I (1131-1182) m. Sophie (of Polotzk) (abt.1140-1198)
Canute (or Knud) Lavard (abt.1096-1130) m Ingeborg Haraldsdotter

GENERATION 18:
Canute Lavard
, our great (x23) grandfather, was the second and the only legitimate son of King Erik I of Denmark. When King Erik died in 1103, Canute was too young to be elected to the throne and he was sent to live with a magnate family in Zealand, Denmark. When he came of age in 1115, King Niels of Denmark made Canute an Earl of South Jutland, in the south of Denmark. For the next dozen or so years, Canute worked hard to bring peace to the lands that he governed including spending many years fighting against Viking pirates. He successfully restored peace to the area while at the same time encouraging and aiding Christian missionary activities in southern Jutland. Apparently his success infuriated King Niels, his uncle, who soon began to regard Canute as his rival. In the year 1130, two of Canute’s cousins murdered him while he was on a hunting trip. It seems that in these medieval times, murder was an accepted practice for resolving disputes. Canute may have had the last laugh at least from an historical perspective, for in 1170 he was formally canonized as a martyr for justice by Pope Alexander III. Saint Canute is today venerated as a saint in Denmark. He and his wife Ingeborg had four children, one of whom married the King of Norway, and one of whom was to be a King of Denmark.

GENERATION 17:
Valdemar I, our great (x22) grandfather, was only a few months old when his father was murdered. He was raised by a noble Danish family. When he was only 23 he was elevated to the position of Co-king of Denmark. There were three kings in total each ruling a different area in Denmark. In 1157, one of the kings was murdered and the other king killed in battle. This resulted in Valdemar I become the sole ruler of Denmark. King Valdemar I spent the remainder of his life in constant battle repealing invaders and warring with others to gain control over important lands along the Baltic. In the process he united Denmark and re-built the country. Valdemar, also know today as Valdemar “the Great” had four children with his wife Sophie. One daughter married the future King Erik X of Sweden, two daughters became nuns, and two sons became future kings of Denmark including our great (x21) grandfather, King Valdmar II of Denmark. Valdemar I was 51 years old when he died in 1182. His son, Valdemar II, was only eight when his father died.

GENERATION 16:
Valdemar II
was the second son of King Valdemar I. His older brother, Canute VI, ruled Denmark until 1202, at which time, Valdemar II, then 32, succeeded him on the throne. Canute VI had died childless. Valdemar II, also known as Valdemar “the Conqueror”, is counted today among the greatest of the medieval Danish kings. Commencing in the 1210s he began to expand Danish influence in a crusade against the remaining pagan tribes on the opposite shores of the Baltic Sea. He successfully gained control over most of the lands in northern Germany and Estonia. Unfortunately in 1223 he was captured in battle and not released by his capturers in 1226 under the condition that he relinguish most of his conquests in north Germany. In 1227, he attempted to regain control of his lost territories but his armies were disastrously defeated. Valdemar spent the remainder of his life codifying Danish law which he completed by the time of his death in 1241.

Valdemar II had one son by his first wife. When she died, he remarried Berengaria, the daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and granddaughter of Afonso I. Together they had three sons and a daughter. Two of his sons were destined to become future kings of Denmark. Valdemar’s son by his first wife predeceased Valdemar. Our family is not directly related to any of Valdemar’s children by his two wives. Fortunately, before Valdemar’s arranged marriage to his second wife was consummated he had an affair with Helena Guttormsdotter, a woman of Swedish noble birth and the widow of an important Danish nobleman. In 1211, she bore Valdemar a son, our great (x20) grandfather, Knut Valdemarsen.

GENERATION 15:
In 1219, Valdemar II granted his son, Knut Valdemarsen, lands in Estonia (Poland) and Knut became the Duke of Revelia, and later the Duke of Blekinge and of Laaland. These were lands on mainland Europe on the Baltic Sea that had been conquered by his father. Knut married Hedwig (von Pommerellen), daughter of a Duke in Pomerania, the land immediately west of Estonia. Together they had two sons, including our great (x19) grandfather, Svantepolk Knutson, born in 1230, who is covered earlier in this chapter. Svantepolk is the last of our ancestors to live in Denmark or on lands controlled by Denmark. In 1250 he moved his home to Sweden

The six oldest generations of this family tree include the following individuals:

Part 4 (Years 880 to1103)
Erik Sweynsson (1070-1103) m. Boedil Thurgotsdotter
Sweyn Estridsen (1018-1076) m. Gunhild Svandsdoter (abt.1033- ?)
Ulf Thorgilsson (993-1027) m. Estrid Margarete Sweynsdotter (abt.997- ?)
Sweyn “Forkbeard” (960-abt.1014)
Harald “Bluetooth” Blatand (910-985) m. Gyrithe Olfsdotter (abt.905- ?)
Gorm (abt.880-abt.958) m. Thyre Dunebod

GENERATION 24:
People who became known as Vikings inhabited much of Denmark for several hundred years from the 8th to the 11th century. During the Viking period, Denmark was a great power that was based in the Jutland Peninsular in southern Denmark, and on the Island of Zealand, and the southern part of what is now Sweden. They were famous not only for their raiding and trading but also for their complicated and well developed social structure. Gorm “the Old”, our great (x28) grandfather, is considered to be the last of the great pagan Viking kings. Following the lead of his father who ruled a small portion of eastern Denmark, King Gorm by the mid-10th century had gained control over the entire of Denmark’s Jutland peninsula.

GENERATION 23:
Gorm’s son, Harald “Bluetooth”, our great (x27) grandfather, took over the throne as King Harald I of Denmark in the year 940 and by 980 he had fully established a totally united Denmark and secured control over much of Norway. At the height of his power in the mid-960s, Harald was baptized into Christianity and preceded to converts the Dames to his new religion. Harald I Bluetooth died in battle in the year 986 which was a fitting ending for a man who had spent most of his life as a warrior. Harald and his wife Gyrithe Olafsdotter had at least two children. Their daughter Thyria married Olof Bjornsson, the son of the King of Sweden. Harald’s oldest son, Sweyn, became king of Denmark when his father died.

GENERATION 22:
Sweyn I “Forkbeard
”, our great (x26) grandfather, continued his father’s conquests by gaining control of all of Norway, and shortly before his death, conquering England in 1013. Despite his obvious success in forming a Danish North Sea empire, historical information on Sweyn is conflicting. We know that he spent almost twenty years mostly away from Denmark, fighting in Norway and in England before his eventual conquest of England in 1013. His coronation as King of England took place on Christmas day in 1013, and his death occurred shortly thereafter on February 3, 1014. He ruled England unopposed for only five weeks. Despite his short reign, his ancestors have claim to being descendants of a former King of England.

GENERATION 21:
One of Sweyn’s sons became King of Denmark called Canute the Great. After his death, Canute was canonized a saint. Sweyne’s daughter, Estrid Margarete Sweynsdotter, our great (x25) grandmother, married Ulf Thorgilsson, the son of a prominent Swedish family. Ulf became a Jarl (Earl) under Canute the Great, his brother-in-law, and the number two man in Denmark under the king. Apparently there was a misunderstanding between Ulf and Canute over Ulf’s behavior in Canute’s absence with respect to the control of Denmark for it is said that on Christmas day in the year 1026, Canute ordered the murder of his brother-in-law. I have lost count of the number of our great grandfathers murdered in these medieval times and while murder was clearly an effective means of controlling relatives, it is still best that this behavior today is considered totally unacceptable.
GENERATION 20: Twelve years after the 1035 death of King Canute the Great and demise of two other short lived kings, Sweyn II, our great (x24) grandfather, was elected King of Denmark in 1047. Sweyn II (Ulfsson) was the nephew of Canute the Great and the son of Estrid Margaret Sweynsdotter and Ulf Thorgilsson. He was 29 years old when he became king and he died as king at the age of 58 in 1076 after reigning for 29 years, a long time to be in charge in this period of history. Sweyn’s claim to the throne of Denmark however did not go unchallenged for King Harald of Norway refused to relinguish what he believed were his valid claims to the throne after the death of King Canute. A long war ensued that was eventually won by Sweyn in 1064. In 1066, King Harald invaded England but he was defeated by an English army under Harold Godwinson. Godwinson then turned his attention to another invading army under Duke William of Normandy, and this time his English army was defeated at the Battle of Hastings leaving William the Conqueror in control of England.

Sweyn I is often considered to be Denmark’s first medieval king. He was to found a dynasty that sat on the Danish throne until 1448. Sweyn built a strong foundation for royal power through cooperation with the church. Notwithstanding his strong alliance with the church, Sweyn was married only once to a girl to whom he was distantly related. The pope ordered that he dissolve the marriage union which he did. For the rest of his life Sweyn remained unmarried although that did not prevent him from taking one mistress after another. History records that he fathered no less than nineteen children including Erik “Always Good” Syeynsson who was born in 1070. Sweyn II was 52 years old when our great (x23) grandfather was born.

GENERATION 19:
Erik I, “Always Good” or often translated as “Good Hearted” or “Evergood”, was King of Denmark between the years 1095 and 1103. During his short reign Erik was a popular king appealing to the “common people”. It was said that he liked to party and he lived a rather dissipated life. Both he and his wife died in the year 1103 while on a pilgrimage to the Holy Lands following the First Crusade. His son, the future Saint Canute Lavard was only seven years old when his parents died.

This ends the story of our Scandinavian ancestors. It is a long chapter and probably and unavoidable somewhat difficult to follow. I invested more than fifty hours researching this side of our family plus the time that I spent writing the chapter. Hopefully, my efforts will be enjoyed by future generations. I would encourage other members of our family to do additional research on our Scandinavian ancestry. I have no doubt that the internet and libraries in the future will yield substantially more information on our past than I was able to gather when this chapter was completed in January of 2007.